Photo-Sonics developed several models of rotating prism camera capable of running 35 mm and 70 mm film in the 1960s. Redlake Laboratories introduced another 16 mm rotating prism camera, the Hycam, in the early 1960s. Wollensak further improved the design to achieve 10,000 frame/s. Bell eventually sold the camera design to Western Electric, who in turn sold it to the Wollensak Optical Company. When Kodak declined to develop a higher-speed version, Bell Labs developed it themselves, calling it the Fastax. Bell used the system, which ran 16 mm film at 1000 frame/s and had a 100-foot (30 m) load capacity, to study relay bounce. īell Telephone Laboratories was one of the first customers for a camera developed by Eastman Kodak in the early 1930s. German weapons scientists applied the techniques in 1916, and The Japanese Institute of Aeronautical Research manufactured a camera capable of recording 60,000 frames per second in 1931. The first photograph of a supersonic flying bullet was taken by the Austrian physicist Peter Salcher in Rijeka in 1886, a technique that was later used by Ernst Mach in his studies of supersonic motion. The first practical application of high-speed photography was Eadweard Muybridge's 1878 investigation into whether horses' feet were actually all off the ground at once during a gallop. The spikes at the bottom of the fireball are due to what is known as the rope trick effect. The fireball is about 20 meters in diameter.
Nuclear explosion photographed by rapatronic camera less than 1 millisecond after detonation.
Other considerations for high-speed photographers are record length, reciprocity breakdown, and spatial resolution. The second requires some means of capturing successive frames, either with a mechanical device or by moving data off electronic sensors very quickly. The first requires a sensor with good sensitivity and either a very good shuttering system or a very fast strobe light. The second is that a series of photographs may be taken at a high sampling frequency or frame rate. The first is that the photograph itself may be taken in a way as to appear to freeze the motion, especially to reduce motion blur.
In common usage, high-speed photography may refer to either or both of the following meanings. High-speed photography can be considered to be the opposite of time-lapse photography. In 1948, the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) defined high-speed photography as any set of photographs captured by a camera capable of 69 frames per second or greater, and of at least three consecutive frames. High-speed photography is the science of taking pictures of very fast phenomena. Muybridge's photographic sequence of a race horse galloping, first published in 1878.
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